The creation of antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV has drastically improved the life expectancy of those with the virus, and has also reduced the likelihood of transmission to others. Although HIV is no longer a death sentence, antiretroviral drugs come with extreme side effects, they’re very expensive, and patients must take them for life. “Antiretroviral drugs are very good at controlling HIV infection,” said KamelKhalili, of the Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University in Philadelphia. “But patients on antiretroviral therapy who stop taking the drugs suffer a rapid rebound in HIV replication.” 

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